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LCD versus DLP Projector - Which is the Best?
You don’t have to shop around the projector market very long before discovering the “LCD” and “DLP” somehow refers to two different kinds of projectors. You might not even know what LCD and DLP are before asking the obvious question “which one is better?”
The answer is simple. LCD and DLP each have unique advantages over the other, and neither one is perfect. So it is important to understand what each one gives you. Then you can make a good decision about which one is right for you.
The Technical Differences between LCD and DLP
LCD (liquid crystal display) projectors usually contain three separate LCD glass panels, one each for red, green and blue components of the image signal being fed into the projector. As light passes through the LCD panels, individual pixels (“picture elements”) can be opened to allow light to pass or closed to block the light, as if each little pixel were fitted with a Venetian blind. This activity modulates the light and produces the image that is projected on the screen.
DLP (“Digital Light Processing”) is a proprietary technology developed by Texas Instrument. It works quite differently than LCD. Instead of having glass panels through which light is passed, the DLP chip is a reflective surface made up of thousands of tiny mirrors. Each mirror represents a single pixel.
In a DLP projector, light from the projector’s lamp is directed onto the surface of the DLP chip. The mirrors wobble back and forth, directing the light either into the lens path to turn the pixel on, or away from the lens path to turn it off.
In very expensive DLP projectors, there are three separate DLP chips, one for red, green and blue. However, in all of the DLP projectors under $15,000, there is only one chip. In order to define color, there is a color wheel that consists of red, green, blue and sometimes white filters. The wheel spins between the lamp and the DLP chip and alternates the color of the light hitting the chip from red to green to blue. The mirrors turn on and off based upon how much of each color is required for each pixel at any given moment in time. This activity modulates the light and produces the image that is projected on the screen.
The Advantages of LCD Technology
One benefit of LCD is that it controls red, green and blue independently through three separate LCD panels. That means you can adjust brightness and contrast of each color channel individually. In LCD projectors with good controls on the board, this can enable the projector to achieve very good, and sometimes excellent color fidelity. In most single-chip DLP projectors, color is fixed and defined to a large degree by the physical color wheel and the color temperature of the lamp which changes over its usable life. So while DLP technology has gotten much better at reproducing accurate color, good LCD projectors still have a performance edge in this area. If you look closely, you will find that many DLP projectors lack the vibrant color that might be considered ideal.
LCD also delivers a somewhat sharper image than DLP at any given resolution. The difference here is more revel ant in data than in video. This is not to say the DLP is fuzzy--it isn’t. When you look at a financial spreadsheet projected by a DLP projector it looks clear enough. It’s just that when the DLP is placed side-by-side with a LCD, the LCD typically looks a bit sharper in comparison. However, it isn’t something you’d notice except in a side-by-side comparison.
A third benefit of LCD is that it is more light efficient. LCD projectors produce significantly higher ANSI lumen output than do DLP with the same wattage lamp. In the past year, DLP machines have gotten brighter and smaller--there are now DLP projectors rated at 2000 ANSI lumens, whereas a year ago there weren’t any. Still LCD competes extremely well when high light output is required. All of the portable light cannons in the 15 LB weight class putting out 3000 ANSI lumens or more are LCD projectors.
The Advantages of DLP Technology
There are several unique benefits that are derived from DLP technology. One of the most obvious is package size. Since DLP light engine consists of a single chip rather than three LCD panels, DLP projectors tend to be more compact. All of the current 3 pound mini projectors on the market are DLP’s. Most LCD projectors are six pounds and up.
Another DLP advantage is that it can produce smooth, high contrast video. It has been well received in the home theater world primarily due to two video quality advantages -- better contrast and the lack of pixilation. Earlier generations of LCD projectors were notorious for their inability to generate acceptable black levels and to resolve subtle shadow details. Blacks on LCDs looked gray and shadows appeared muddy and indistinct. In comparison, DLP projectors did a much better job.
Reduced pixilation is another benefit of DLP. LCDs were always known for their visible pixel structure, often referred to as the screen door effect because it appears as though the picture is being viewed through a screen door. LCD technology had a hard time being taken seriously among many home theater enthusiasts (quite understandably) because of this flaw in the image.
Which technology is the best? Well, it depends on your application - both technologies have advantages and both have weaknesses, and neither one is perfect for everything. Understanding the differences between them will help you select the right one for your particular needs.
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